The political economy of Russia’s economic transition problems since 1991 and their implications for Russia’s relations with the west

Copyright @ 2001, The Author

Classification of Southern Ocean krill and icefish echoes using random forests

Acknowledgements The authors thank the crews, fishers, and scientists who conducted the various surveys from which data were obtained. This work was supported by the Government of South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands. Additional logistical support provided by The South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, with thanks to Paul Brickle. PF receives funding from the MASTS pooling initiative (TheMarine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland), and their support is gratefully acknowledged. MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions. SF is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, and data were provided from the British Antarctic Survey Ecosystems Long-term Monitoring and Surveys programme as part of the BAS Polar Science for Planet Earth Programme. The authors also thank the anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions on an earlier version of this manuscript.Peer reviewedPostprin

A Study of Time and Labour Use on Irish Suckler Beef Farms

End of project reportLabour is one of the four factors of production and an increasingly costly and scarce input on farms. The attractiveness of non-farming employment, the nature of farm work and the price received for farm outputs are resulting in falling levels of hired and family labour

Assessing consistency of fish survey data : uncertainties in the estimation of mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) abundance at South Georgia

Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the crews, fishermen and scientists who conducted the various surveys from which data were obtained, and Mark Belchier and Simeon Hill for their contributions. This work was supported by the Government of South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands. Additional logistical support provided by The South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute with thanks to Paul Brickle. Thanks to Stephen Smith of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) for help in constructing bootstrap confidence limits. Paul Fernandes receives funding from the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland), and their support is gratefully acknowledged. MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions. We also wish to thank two anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions on earlier versions of this manuscript.Peer reviewedPostprin

The Sexual Revolution Within the Second Wave Feminist Movement

In North America, between 1947 and 1991, the sexual revolution revealed itself as a period of discovery, experience, and exploration to differing degrees. Despite the new found freedom for women that arose amidst the revolution, the distress of sexual violence and oppression persisted and became a prominent concern for feminist liberation groups, who, within the revolution, fought against the sexual oppression and violence which had been present in their lives, but were otherwise silenced prior to the movement. This paper provides evidence of the multiple different media outlets women used to spread their message of equality, with great emphasis placed on how liberators utilized these outlets to achieve sexual freedom by protesting two of the greatest forms of reproductive oppression: the abortion law and banning of the birth control pill. This paper also comments on the correlation between the sexual revolution and sexual violence, documenting how the rise of the sexual revolution promoted a surge in the discussion of sexual violence, as well as a rise in preventative measures. While this argument certainly takes precedence, there is also a discussion regarding the attempts to delegitimize this positive relationship by placing the blame of sexual violence on the rise of the sexual revolution. To debunk this myth, the argument is put forth that the sexual revolution provided a platform for victims of sexual violence

Design of elastomer coatings for concrete impact damage mitigation

Practical, cost-effective strategies are of interest for the protection of vulnerable infrastructure against dynamic load events such as blast and fragment impact. Recent research has established that spray-on elastomer coatings can provide a significant impact mitigating effect when applied to concrete structural elements [1]. However, to date, no practical design guidelines exist to support efficient implementation of this retrofit solution. In this work, an analytical model is proposed for the impact indentation of an elastomer-coated concrete structural element. Design maps are produced, predicting the critical projectile impact velocities for elastomer failure and concrete failure, taking the coating thickness and elastomer modulus as the key design variables. The analytical predictions provide a close match to experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) results [1,2]. Spanning a realistic range of elastomer moduli, representative of typical spray application polymers, a regime change is predicted that depends only on the elastomer modulus, Ee. For Ee &lt; 50 MPa, elastomer failure is predicted to occur first. In this regime, there is a much higher sensitivity to Ee compared with the elastomer thickness, he. For Ee &gt; 50 MPa, the concrete is predicted to fail first and in this regime, the critical velocities are most sensitive to he compared with Ee.</p

Schistosoma “Eggs-Iting” the Host: Granuloma Formation and Egg Excretion

Schistosomiasis is a major cause of morbidity in humans invoked by chronic infection with parasitic trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. Schistosomes have a complex life-cycle involving infections of an aquatic snail intermediate host and a definitive mammalian host. In humans, adult male and female worms lie within the vasculature. Here, they propagate and eggs are laid. These eggs must then be released from the host to continue the life cycle. Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum reside in the mesenteric circulation of the intestines with egg excreted in the feces. In contrast, S. haematobium are present in the venus plexus of the bladder, expelling eggs in the urine. In an impressive case of exploitation of the host immune system, this process of Schistosome “eggs-iting” the host is immune dependent. In this article, we review the formation of the egg granuloma and explore how S. mansoni eggs laid in vasculature must usurp immunity to induce regulated inflammation, to facilitate extravasation through the intestinal wall and to be expelled in the feces. We highlight the roles of immune cell populations, stromal factors, and egg secretions in the process of egg excretion to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding a vastly unexplored mechanism

Effect of a Summer Period at Pasture on the Performance of Young Bulls Offered Concentrates \u3cem\u3eAd Libitum\u3c/em\u3e

Holstein bull calves can produce a 250 kg carcass at 11 to 12 months of age on indoor feeding of ad libitum concentrates. An outdoor period at pasture would reduce housing costs. Two experiments were undertaken to determine the effect of an outdoor period at pasture on concentrate intake, liveweight gain and selected carcass traits of Holstein young bulls